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Pholiotina cyanopus
''Pholiotina cyanopus'' is a species of fungus currently assigned to the genus ''Pholiotina'' that contains the psychoactive compound psilocybin.〔 Originally described as ''Galerula cyanopus'' by American mycologist George Francis Atkinson in 1918. It was transferred to ''Conocybe'' by Robert Kühner in 1935 before being transferred to ''Pholiotina'' by Rolf Singer in 1950. A 2013 molecular phylogenetics study found it to belong to a group of species currently assigned to ''Pholiotina'' that are more closely related to ''Galerella nigeriensis'' than to ''Pholiotina'' or ''Conocybe''.〔 It is likely that it will be moved to a different genus in the future, but this has not happened yet.〔
It is very similar to ''Pholiotina smithii'', a species known only from North America, from which it differs slightly in the color of its cap and gills and the width of its cheilocystidia.〔 Some authors have speculated that the ''P. smithii'' could be a junior synonym of ''P. cyanopus'', but this has not been confirmed.〔
==Description==
''Pholiotina cyanopus'' is a small saprotrophic mushroom with a conic to broadly convex cap which is smooth and colored ocher to cinnamon brown. It is usually less than 25 mm across and the margin is striate, often with fibrous remnants of the partial veil. The gills are adnate and close, colored cinnamon brown with whitish edges near the margin, darkening in age. The spores are cinnamon brown, smooth and ellipsoid with a germ pore, measuring 8 x 5 micrometers. The stem is smooth and fragile, whitish at the bottom and brownish at the top, 2-4 cm long, 1 to 1.5 mm thick, and is equal width for most of the length, often swelling at the base. The stem lacks an annulus (ring) and the base usually stains blue. The cap color lightens when it dries, turning a tan color.
Like some other grassland species such as ''Psilocybe semilanceata'', ''Psilocybe mexicana'' and ''Psilocybe tampanensis'', ''Conocybe cyanopus'' may form sclerotia, a dormant form of the organism, which affords it some protection from wildfires and other natural disasters.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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